An interactive True/False quiz based on the provided codal excerpt.
Codal Excerpt Analysis & Quiz Item Justification
This excerpt from Rule 3 contains 6 main sections and numerous distinct legal concepts, which serve as the foundation for the quiz items. An analysis of the text yields the following points for question generation:
- Section 11 (Misjoinder/Non-joinder): 3 distinct concepts (not a ground for dismissal; dropped/added by court order; claim against misjoined party may be severed).
- Section 12 (Class Suit): 3 distinct concepts (common/general interest; numerous persons impracticable to join; sufficiently numerous/representative to protect all interests; right of any party in interest to intervene).
- Section 13 (Alternative defendants): 2 distinct concepts (uncertainty against whom relief is due; can join any or all in the alternative even if relief is inconsistent).
- Section 14 (Unknown defendant): 2 distinct concepts (sued as unknown owner, heir, etc.; pleading must be amended when true name is discovered).
- Section 15 (Entity without juridical personality): 2 distinct concepts (sued under common name; persons composing the entity must be revealed in the answer).
- Section 16 (Death of party): 6 distinct concepts (duty of counsel to inform within 30 days; failure is a ground for disciplinary action; heirs may substitute without executor/administrator; court may appoint guardian ad litem for minor heirs; court orders substitution within 30 days from notice; opposing party may be ordered to procure appointment of an executor/administrator).
Based on this breakdown, there are approximately 19 distinct legal concepts that can be tested, with many nuances (e.g., specific time periods, the effect of failure to comply, specific language like "any party" or "on its own initiative"). To substantially cover this material and include Bar-exam level traps, the ideal number of items is between 25 and 30. This ensures a healthy mix of straight-up knowledge checks and more difficult questions that require precise recall of the language used in the excerpt. A final count of 25 items was chosen to allow for a good balance of difficulty and to meet the requirement for a significant number of false items.